Many archival and library collections are now preserving, digitizing, and providing access to significant primary historical resources.

Since non-profit sites do not have the advertising or public relations budgets available to commercial sites, researchers are often unaware of them.


Europe

EuroDocs   Western European Primary Historical Documents

These links connect to European primary historical documents that are transcribed, reproduced in facsimile, or translated. They shed light on key historical happenings within the respective countries and within the broadest sense of political, economic, social and cultural history. The order of documents is chronologicalwherever possible. Maintained by Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utahhttp://eudocs.lib.byu.edu

The European Library 
A portal which offers access to the combined resources (books, magazines, journals.... - both digital and non-digital) of the 45 national libraries of Europe. It offers free searching and delivers digital objects - some free, some for a fee.      http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/portal/index.html

European Reading Room 
The primary public access point for readers and researchers seeking to use the vast European collections of the Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/rr/european/

The Federation of East European Family History Societies (FEEFHS) was organized in 1992 as an umbrella organization that promotes family research in eastern and central Europe without any ethnic, religious, or social distinctions. It provides a forum for individuals and organizations focused on a single country or group of people to exchange information and be updated on developments in the field. While it primarily serves the interests of North Americans in tracing their lineages back to a European homeland, it welcomes members from all countries.http://feefhs.org/

Albania

National Library of Albania  
Includes access to an online catalog. Initiated in 2006. In Albanian and English. (http://www.bksh.al)

Austria

Documentation Centre of Austrian Resistance  was founded in 1963 by ex-resistance fighters and anti-Fascist historians. DÖW receives financial support from the Austrian Government, the City of Vienna and the Verein Dokumentationsarchiv. Research themes: resistance and persecution (1934-1945), exile, Nazi crimes(especially the Holocaust), right-wing extremism after 1945, restitution

Austrian National Library

http://www.onb.ac.at/index_eng.htm

The Austrian National Library´s Picture Platform combines the holdings of the four most important institutions with collections covering historic photography in Austria. It makes those contemporary history pictures from the holdings of the ANL that have so far been digitalised available online. It also includes the historic archives of Austrian Television (ORF), the Association for the History of Labour Organisations and the archive of the Austrian Society for Contemporary History at Vienna University.

Austian State Archives

 http://www.oesta.gv.at/

Belgium

Belgium State Archives

http://arch.arch.be/index.php?lang=en_GB

National Library of the Czech Republic 
Located in Prague, the National Library is the central repository for the country. The library has large collections of books written in foreign languages, especially in the areas of social and natural sciences. One of the frequently consulted collections is that of Mozartiana, Mozart's Memorial. Includes links to information about its catalogs and databases, publishing activities, reference center, and services. In Czech and English.http://www.nkp.cz/altnkeng.htm

Archive Groups and Collections in the Czech Republic 
Database, found on the Web site of the Ministry of Interior, contains information on 138,099 archival collections or groups deposited in 107 archives and 77 museums and at other cultural institutions. The contents are updated periodically. In Czech. http://www.mvcr.cz/archivy/peva/

Czech Archive Society
A voluntary professional association of archivists that includes pensioners, university teachers, and students of historical auxiliary sciences and archiving, other backers, and sympathizers from the ranks of the professional and general public. Links to archives grouped by type. In Czech. Some background information in English. http://www.cesarch.cz/adresar.aspx

Statens Arkiver
State Archives. The main purpose of the State Archives is to collect and store historical sources and make them available to the public. Links to information about the archives, genealogy, legislation and more. In Danish and English .http://www.sa.dk/

Finland

Helsinki University Library / The National Library of Finland 
Functions as a service and development center for Finnish libraries with a duty to promote both national and international cooperation. It is also responsible for acquiring and preserving the national heritage with its publications as well as maintaining its collections of research material and for providing access to them. Links to cultural activities, collections and services, services, for libraries, and more. Searchable. In English, Finnish, and Swedish. http://www.lib.helsinki.fi/english/index.htm

Arkistolaitos 
National Archives Service. Information on the Archives--its history, organization, and duties, links to genealogical research, provincial archives, and more. In Finnish and Swedish, some English.http://www.narc.fi/Arkistolaitos/eng/

Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura SKS - tietopalvelu: linkit 
Information on and links to archives, archival databases, and archival organizations. In Finnish.http://www.finlit.fi/tietopalvelu/linkit/linkit.htm

France

France in America /France en Amérique is a bilingual digital library made available by the United States Library of Congress in partnership with France’s national library, the Bibliothèque nationale de France. It explores the history of the French presence in North America from the first decades of the 16th century to the end of the 19th century. http://international.loc.gov/intldl/fiahtml/fiahome.html

Gallica is the digital library of Bibliothèque nationale de France.  With some 76 thousand digitized texts and 80 thousand images to date, Gallica offers the online public an encyclopedic reference collection as well as sites dedicated to particular themes.  http://gallica.bnf.fr/

Archives de France 
From the Ministry of Culture and Communication, responsible for archive administration, including collection management, conservation, and service of public archives other than those of the ministries of Foreign Affairs and Defense. Links to all aspects of these issues. In French. http://www.archivesdefrance.culture.gouv.fr/

Archives nationales 
The National Archives of France. Links to the archives' five centers, information on how to do research, historical background, and more. In French and English. http://www.archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr/

Archives nationales images de documents (ARCHIM) 
Digitized documents database/ARCHIM: Banque d'images numerisées, From the French National Archives. In French. http://www.culture.gouv.fr/documentation/archim/accueil.html

Germany

Die Deutsche Bibliothek 
Germany's national library. Links to the catalog and databases, document delivery services, news, other library-related sites and resources, and information for library professionals on German library standards and practices. Also links to German Music Archive in Berlin, Book Museum, and the Deutsche Bücherei in Leipzig. Searchable. In German and English.  http://www.ddb.de/index.htm

Karlsruher Virtueller Katalog (KVK) 
Karlsruhe Virtual Catalog. Allows simultaneous searches of the major German-language libraries in Europe and other major European libraries. Also offers links to European regional and special-subject catalogs. In German, English, French, and Spanish. http://www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/kvk.html

WEBIS. Sammelschwerpunkte an deutschen Bibliotheken

Supraregional, searchable gateway of 121 special-subject collections--from language and literature to economics and physics--of more than 40 German libraries. Links to the catalogs of the relevant libraries. Provides information on searching, inter-library loan, and document delivery. In German and English.http://webis.sub.uni-hamburg.de/

German Genealogy Internet Portal.  Maintained by Computergenealogy.http://www.genealogienetz.de/genealogy.html

 Multiple databases may be searched with one meta-search form.

Bibliothek für Zeitgeschichte (German & English) - Stuttgart, Germany.  Library of Contemporary History, focusing on the 20th Century.  Holds a large collection of German war propaganda and letters from the First and Second World Wars.  Online finding aids available.http://www.wlb-stuttgart.de/english/index.html

Archivschule Marburg 
Archive School in Marburg. Links to various archives in German-speaking countries. Searchable. In German.http://www.archivschule.de/content/

Bundesarchiv 
Federal Archive. Information on the history and mandate of Germany's national archive, tasks and organization, holdings and finding aids, using its services, a searchable directory of collections, links to regional branches, overview of publications, news about current archival issues, and links to other official German archives. In German, some English.http://www.bundesarchiv.de/

Greece

Hellenic Academic Libraries Link (HALL) Links to the members of the consortium -- 37 higher education institutions. Services include subject categories, bibliographic and full text databases, electronic books and dictionaries, and publishers. Searchable. In Greek and English http://www.heal-link.gr/journals/en/members.jsp

National Library of Greece 
Includes links to information on history of the Library, catalogs, digital collections, publications, organization, and current services available to readers. In Greek and English. http://www.nlg.gr/

E.L.I.A.: The Hellenic Literary and Historic Archives
E.L.I.A. is a cultural nonprofit organization based in Athens that seeks to collect, preserve, classify, research, and publish 19th- and 20th-century archival and printed material, particularly that relating to the modern history and culture of Greece. Links to collections, library and archive catalog, activities, activities, and more. Searchable. In English and Greek. http://www.elia.org.gr/

General State Archives 
Site of the centralized national archival service of Greece. Includes links to regional affiliates and archival repositories throughout Greece as well as news and useful links. In English and Greek. http://gak.att.sch.gr/

Greek Archives on the Web 
Links to individual Greek archives and larger institutions and organizations with important archival/manuscript collections. In Greek. http://www.eae.org.gr/links%5FGr.htm

Information Societyr
Official Greek portal for information science. with News and links related to information sciences, libraries, and archives, as well as press office, services, and more. In Greek and English.http://www.infosociety.gr/

Hungary

Budapest Municipal Archives 
A brief description of the collections plus a short history of the archives. In English, Hungarian, and German.http://www.bparchiv.hu/

Hungarian National Archives 
Provides a description of holdings, several online databases, advice for genealogists, and contact information. In Hungarian, English, and German. http://www.mol.gov.hu/

Open Society Archives

The collections and activities of the Open Society Archives (OSA) and Research Center relate to the period after the Second World War, mainly the Cold War, and includes material related to the history of the formerly communist countries, human rights, and war crimes. http://www.osa.ceu.hu/

Hungarian Electronic Library (Magyar Elektronikus Könyvtár -- MEK) / 
One of the most significant text-archives of the Hungarian Web space. Contains thousands of full-text works in the humanities and social sciences. Most texts are in Hungarian. http://mek.oszk.hu

Corvinus Library 
Texts of books on Hungarian history, published in the United States in English, plus some other titles translated from Hungarian. Also includes some links to other sites related to Hungary.  http://www.hungarian-history.hu/index.htm

Electronic Libraries in Hungary 
A list of nine collections in Hungary, including the two mentioned above.http://www.mek.iif.hu/porta/virtual/magyar/opac.htm - elib

Hungarian Electronic Library

This digital library showcases a variety of primary and secondary sources, most concerning the history and culture of Hungary. Topics covered include science, math, technology, arts, and literature. Please note that most of the materials (including navigational links) are in the Hungarian language, though some have been translated into English.  http://mek.oszk.hu/indexeng.phtml

Italy

The Italian Genealogical Group is an organization dedicated to furthering Italian family history and genealogy. English.  http://www.italiangen.org./

Christian Catacombs of Rome (http://www.catacombe.roma.it) 
An extensive site that presents the history of the catacombs in Rome through informative texts, photographs, and interactive learning tools. Includes links to a collection of studies and a bibliography. From the Istituto Salesiano S. Callista, Roma.

The ARCHIVI portal  website has been operating since 1997 and provides information on the Italian archives administration, acting as a portal providing access to the sites of archives operating on Italian territory. It  offers numerous online services.  http://www.archivi.beniculturali.it/

Netherlands 
Genlias is a very important resource for those in the Netherlands as
it contains information from each province and records it in a
national database. Both Durch & English versions online.  (www.genlias.nl)

The municipal achives at www.archieven.nl are also good sources of
information. Some have their own websites with databases.

The Zeeuws Archief [Zeeland Archives] is the principal archive for the province of Zeeland, the most south western province of the Netherlands, and for the municipalities of Middelburg and Veere. The Zeeuws Archief, treasure house of Zeeland’s history, holds a wealth of general information about Zeeland but in particular, information about the municipalities of Middelburg and Veere is to be found here. This information can be used to research a family tree, but it can also be used for a wide range of other historical research.http://www.zeeuwsarchief.nl/

Digital Resources Netherlands and Belgium http://www.geneaknowhow.net/digi/resources.html

America and the Netherlands explores the history of the Dutch presence in America and the interactions between the United States and the Netherlands from Henry Hudson's 1609 voyage to the post-World-War-II period. The project is the product of ongoing cooperation between the Library of Congress and the National Library of the Netherlands, which has enlisted the cooperation of other leading Dutch libraries, museums, and archives.http://frontiers.loc.gov/intldl/awkbhtml/awkbhome.html

Norway

Riksarkivet

The National Archives (Riksarkivet) and the regional state archives (statsarkivene) for the National Archival Services of Norway (Arkivverket), and independent government authority under the Ministry of Culture. The National Archives and regional state archives preserve archival material from state institutions and make it available for public use. Includes information about archival services, using the archives, online exhibitions, FAQ, digital archives, and the catalog. Searchable. In English and Norwegian.

http://www.arkivverket.no/english/about.html

University of Oslo. University Library
Access to the BIBSYS Catalogue through which one can search the holdings of several dozen Norwegian libraries. Also links to information about the Library and the University. Searchable. In Norwegian, introductory information in English. http://www.ub.uio.no/english/

Nasjonalbiblioteket 
National Library of Norway. Information about the library and access to its online catalogs as well as links to digital stories, annual report, and Ibsen. Searchable. In Norwegian, introductory information in English.http://www.nb.no/english/

Poland

National Library of Poland

This digital project draws from the holdings of the National Library of Poland and as such, it focuses largely on the history and culture of Poland and other regions in Eastern Europe. Though much of the material is in Polish, most navigational tools are shown in both Polish and English, as are many categories and publication titles. Sources fall under the following major categories: books, early printed books, ephemera, journals, manuscripts, and visual art. http://www.polona.pl/dlibra

Archival Information Center 
The Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America maintains this guide to significant Polish archival collections in the United States, Canada, and other countries.

http://www.piasa.org/archives.html

Polish State Archives 
Provides a description of holdings, contact information, and annotated links to the three main national archives in Warsaw: the Central Archive of Historical Records, the Archive of New Records, and the Archive of Audiovisual Records. Also includes links to other archives, databases, and publications. In Polish and English. http://www.archiwa.gov.pl/?CIDA=43

Portugal

ARQUIVO HISTÓRICO ULTRAMARINO  
The digital Overseas Historical Archive of Portugal, organized by the Instituto de InvestigaçaÃŒƒo CientiÃŒfica Tropical. Contains information on manuscript documents, iconography, manuscript cartography, and Timor bulletins. In Portuguese. http://www.iict.pt/ahudigital/ahudigital.htm

ARQUIVO VIRTUAL DE CARTOGRAFIA URBANA PORTUGUESA  (
The Portuguese Virtual Archive of Urban Cartography Web site. Contains information on: virtual collection, the index, searching the texts, a guided tour to the virtual collection, access to the magazine: Urban ismo4 de origem portuguesa (dedicated to Portuguese urbanism abroad), forum, and contact. In Portuguese.http://www.urban.iscte.pt/home.htm

BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL DIGITAL  
The National Digital Library Web site - Portugal. Contains information on the virtual collection, the online catalog (in Portuguese and English), virtual exhibitions, editions, sites, and more. In Portuguesehttp://bnd.bn.pt/

PORBASE : BASE NACIONAL DE DADOS BIBLIOGRÁFICOS  
The homepage of the "Porbase" : the Portugal's National Union Catalog. In Portuguese.http://www.porbase.org/

Romania

Hoover Institution Archives. Romanian Collections 
Manuscript collections from Romanian emigres. The collections contain approximately 15,000 volumes of monographs, 70 periodical titles, 60 newspapers, and 70 archival collections. They also have unique materials documenting the formation of the modern Romanian state in 1859, the two world wars, interwar political life, the Bessarabian problem, the communist takeover, émigr´ affairs, and post-1989 developments. http://www.hoover.org/hila/collections/5681991.html

Carte veche 
The Institute for Cultural Memory (Bucharest) provides a catalog of Romanian books published in the 16th and 17th centuries, and a brief history about early printing in Romania. Mostly in Romanian; partially in English. http://www.cimec.ro/carte/cartev/carte.htm

Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei 
The National Library of Romania possesses one of the largest collections in the country. The online catalog became Internet accessible in March 2002, with over 100,000 records reflecting the library's holdings of books from Romania published since 1992 and foreign books published since 1995. In Romanian and English.http://www.bibnat.ro/

Russia

National Library of Russia (St. Petersburg) 
Web site of the National Library of Russian (formerly the Saltykov-Shchedrin Public Library) in St. Petersburg. There are differences between the English and Russian versions of the web site. http://www.nlr.ru:8101/eng/

Russian Archives Online 
English-language interface allows access to Russian archival collections of photographs, films, audio clips, and transcripts. http://www.abamedia.com/rao/index.html

Computer Fund of the Russian Language 
This site provides full-text of the works of many major Russian writers of the 19th and 20th centuries. In addition, there is a selection of online newspapers from 1997. The web site is produced and maintained by the V.V. Vinogradov Institute for Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In Russian and English. Texts in Russian only.  http://www.artint.ru/cfrl/cfrl_frs.htm

Архивы России 
Official site of the federal Russian State Archives Administration. In Russian. http://www.rusarchives.ru/

ArcheoBiblioBase 
A brief guide to over 50 major Russian archives located in Moscow and St. Petersburg.http://www.iisg.nl/%7Eabb/

Sweden

Vitterhetsakademiens Bibliotek 
The Library of the Royal Academy of Letters, History, and Antiquities focuses on collections concerning medieval art, Swedish cultural heritage, archeology and architecture. Information on the library and its collections, library services, search tools, and more. In Swedish, some English.http://www.raa.se/bibliotek/english/about_libr.asp

Western European Studies Section: Scandinavian Studies Web: Libraries and Information Services  
Provides links to North American libraries with substantial Scandinavian resources. Click on Sweden for links to Swedish libraries and library catalogs. http://www.library.yale.edu/wess/scand/nordcat.html

Riksarkivet 
National Archives of Sweden manages all public archives within Sweden. The National Archival Database, NAD, is a national database of records on individuals, estates, organizations, businesses, and authorities. Most of the information is in Swedish, including the links to other institutions and the web search capabilities. A general overview is provided in English, with contacts for the public archives. http://www.ra.se/en/index.html

Switzerland

Catalogue Consortium for German-Speaking Switzerland http://aleph.unibas.ch/menu.html

Allows simultaneous or individual searching of Switzerland's major university libraries.

Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv

Features the Swiss Federal Archives, which preserves records and documents of the Swiss Federation. Offers access to numerical data and databases. Notes the services and hours of operation of the archives. Posts contact information via telephone numbers and e-mail. In German, French, and Italian.http://www.bar.admin.ch/

Swiss National Library 
Provides overview of collections and links to Switzerland's national catalogues.http://www.snl.admin.ch/slb/index.html?lang=en

Ukraine

Archives of Ukraine 
Maintained by the State Committee of Archives, site includes news, announcements, and links to government archives, both central and regional, and to archival institutions of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. In Ukrainian and English. http://www.archives.gov.ua/

Central Scientific Library of KhNU 
General information about the Kharkiv National University Central Scientific Library, as well as links to electronic resources, exhibitions, events, and more. In Ukrainian, Russian, and English.http://www.univer.kharkov.ua/main/library/

Libdex. The Library Index: Ukraine (http://www.libdex.com/country/Ukraine.html)
Links to academic, national, and public libraries in Ukraine.

National Parliamentary Library of Ukraine 
Provides information on the Library's history, staff directory, current news and announcements, and a link to its catalog. In Ukrainian. http://www.nplu.kiev.ua/



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